Stellar_scale Megastructure

a cut-away diagram of idealized dyson shell—a variant on dyson s original concept—1 au in radius.

most stellar scale megastructure proposals designs make use of energy sun-like star while possibly still providing gravity or other attributes make attractive advanced civilization.

the alderson disk theoretical structure in shape of disk, outer radius equivalent orbit of mars or jupiter , thickness several thousand miles. civilization live on either side, held gravity of disk , still receive sunlight star bobbing , down in middle of disk.
a dyson sphere (also known dyson shell) refers structure or mass of orbiting objects surrounds star make full use of solar energy.
a matrioshka brain collection of multiple concentric dyson spheres make use of different wavelengths of light.
a stellar engine either uses temperature difference between star , interstellar space extract energy or serves shkadov thruster.
a shkadov thruster accelerates entire star through space selectively reflecting or absorbing light on 1 side of it.
topopolis (also known cosmic spaghetti) large tube rotates provide artificial gravity.
a ringworld (or niven ring) artificial ring encircling star, rotating faster orbital velocity create artificial gravity on inner surface. non-rotating variant transparent ring of breathable gas, creating continuous microgravity environment around star, in eponymous smoke ring.

related structures might not classified individual stellar megastructures, occur on similar scale:

a dyson swarm dyson sphere made of separately orbiting elements (including large habitats) rather single continuous shell.
a dyson bubble dyson sphere in individual elements statites, non-orbital objects held aloft pressure of sunlight.