Lactate_as_a_signaling_molecule:_.E2.80.98lactormone.E2.80.99 Lactate_shuttle_hypothesis




1 lactate signaling molecule: ‘lactormone’

1.1 redox signaling
1.2 gene expression
1.3 control of lipolysis





lactate signaling molecule: ‘lactormone’
redox signaling

as illustrated peroxisomal intracellular lactate shuttle described above, interconversion of lactate , pyruvate between cellular compartments plays key role in oxidative state of cell. specifically, interconversion of nad+ , nadh between compartments has been hypothesized occur in mitochondria. however, evidence lacking, both lactate , pyruvate metabolized inside mitochondria. however, existence of peroxisomal lactate shuttle suggests redox shuttle exist other organelles.


gene expression

increased intracellular levels of lactate can act signalling hormone, inducing changes in gene expression upregulate genes involved in lactate removal. these genes include mct1, cytochrome c oxidase (cox), , other enzymes involved in lactate oxidation complex. additionally, lactate increase levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (pgc1-α), suggesting lactate stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis.


control of lipolysis

in addition role of lactate shuttle in supplying nad+ substrate β-oxidation in peroxisomes, shuttle regulates ffa mobilization controlling plasma lactate levels. research has demonstrated lactate functions inhibit lipolysis in fat cells through activation of orphan g-protein couple receptor (gpr81) acts lactate sensor, inhibiting lipolysis in response lactate .








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