Autosomal_DNA South_Slavs

network of 29 populations constructed neighbor-net approach fst distances based on variation of autosomal snps.

whilst useful in postulating population migrations , expansions, mtdna , y-dna not demonstrate totality of genetic make-up , rather small portion of it, namely, single line of patrilineage (y-dna) , matrilineage (mtdna).[1] moreoever, given propensity drift, population expansions in more recent prehistory can overwrite previous patterns. however, majority of genetic history lies in thousands of classical markers (blood group systems, protein polymorphisms), non-coding single nucleotide polymorphism , str sequences in autosomal dna (atdna), representative of 1 s entire ancestry [2]. several loci, such β-globin gene, have been dated 800, 000 years ago. contrast, coalescence time of mtdna , y-dna haplogroups reaches maximum of 200, 000 years

most of larger sequences in atdna undergo recombination, direct information ancestral inheritance difficult ascertain. however, inferences on overall genetic substructure , relatedness between populations best achieved analysing hundreds of thousands of loci within atdna. 1 recent study 2 research teams has shown that:

there no clear clusters or groups within european population
except genetic outliers such saami, finns, basques , sardinians, europeans genetically homogeneous
individual population groups closely related immediate neighbours (irrespective of language or ethnicity)
there southern northern genetic cline, , populations in southern europe older , more genetically diverse in northern europe.

in autosomal analysis [plos 1 2014 study], croatians , bosnians more close central european populations , largely overlap west slavs (poles. czechs, , slovaks) , hungarians central europe, while macedonians cluster closer bulgarians, romanians , gagauzes. serbians , montenegrins have intermediate position on pca plot , on fst –based network among other western balkan populations (figures 3 5 , s2, s3)