Verbs Torres_Strait_Creole

1 verbs

1.1 transitivity , voice

1.1.1 phonological variation of transitive suffix


1.2 verbs of position , movement
1.3 verb suffixes

verbs
transitivity , voice

verbs can marked transitivity , voice (transitive-passive or intransitive-antipassive), not person, tense, aspect or mood. voice marking transitive-passive, , made suffixing -e verb stem when object follows verb, , -em when object elsewhere in clause. note suffix -em of recent development, , in origin abbreviation of verb phrase form verb-e em, cross referencing pronoun em , suffix have coalesced (via -i em → -yem → -em). these versions exist in everyday speech. verb mentioned below tek take : intransitive-antipassive tek, transitive-passive teke, teki em, tekyem, tekem:

em yustu tek òl buk. used to/would take took books (antipassive)
em yustu teke dhem buk. used take books (transitive)
em yustu teke buk. used take a/the book (transitive)
dha buk em yustu bi tekem brok. book used take broken (fronted transitive)

variants: dha buk em yustu bi teke em / teki em / tekyem brok.

the development of full passive using form exists:

buk yustu bi tekem lo em/prom em. a/the book used taken him. lo–prom variation dialectal)

phonological variation of transitive suffix

if verb stem has e or diphthong, transitive suffix -e; if or u, can become -i, while of stem contains or o, suffix can become -a. 1 or 2 others verbs have stem extensions form verb noun:

teke → teke take, bring
laite → laite light
pute → puti put
pile → pili feel
broke → broka break
ama hammer → verb amare
pain point → verb painte

verb stems end in vowels not take suffix, while few verbs irregular in not taking suffix:

verbs of position , movement

certain verbs of position , movement not followed preposition in normal clause types. these not confused transitive clauses:

awa bi stap aus bikòs em sikwan. uncle stayed (at) home because sick
dhem piknini stap dhe bamaga kolez. children stay @ bamaga @ college
dha dog dhe ran go dingi. the/a dog running dinghy
pusi sidaun seya. cat sitting in/on chair

verb suffixes

four derivational suffixes exist add aspectual meaning verb stems. though origin english prepositions , adverbs, in torres strait creole status aspectual; can used suffixes. suffixes stem of intransitive verbs, , full transitive-passive form of transitive verbs. when used transitive-passive verbs, suffix transitive ending after suffix. derive verbs other words.

-ap — completive, perfective: piksimap(e) fix, repair, mend ; rol roll → rolemap(e) roll ; bagarap(e) ruin, break, destroy
-aut — movement outwards: kamaut come out ; goaut go out ; lugaut(e) careful, beware, take care of, after
-baut — dispersive (this suffix causes final voiceless consonant of stem become voiced): wagbaut walk, walk about, walk around, stroll ; togbaut(e) talk about/over, discuss
-daun — downwards movement: found on godaun movement downwards starting point ; kamdaun movement downwards above , sidaun sit down , pòldaun fall, fall over, fall down .