_United_States Martial_law

in united states, martial law has been used in limited number of circumstances, such directly after foreign attack, such hawaii after japanese attack on pearl harbor or new orleans during battle of new orleans, after major disasters, such great chicago fire of 1871 or san francisco earthquake of 1906, renegade local leaders seeking avoid arrest, such nauvoo, illinois during illinois mormon war, or utah during utah war, or in response chaos associated protests , mob action, such 1934 west coast waterfront strike, or mob actions against freedom riders.

the martial law concept in united states closely tied right of habeas corpus, in essence right hearing on lawful imprisonment, or more broadly, supervision of law enforcement judiciary. ability suspend habeas corpus related imposition of martial law. article 1, section 9 of constitution states, privilege of writ of habeas corpus shall not suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion public safety may require it. there have been many instances of use of military within borders of united states, such during whiskey rebellion , in south during civil rights movement, these acts not tantamount declaration of martial law. distinction must made clear between martial law , military justice: deployment of troops not mean civil courts cannot function, , 1 of keys, supreme court noted, martial law.

in united states law, martial law limited several court decisions handed down between american civil war , world war ii. in 1878, congress passed posse comitatus act, forbids military involvement in domestic law enforcement without congressional approval.