Language South_Slavs

south slavic standard languages are:

bosnian
bulgarian
croatian
macedonian
montenegrin
serbian
slovene

in addition, there other south slavic languages not constitute official status in republic, have recognised standard formats , used speakers. common of these bunjevac. in addition, Šokac language formerly listed in census conducted during austro-hungarian administration. today, montenegrin in accelerated process of being codified in montenegro. being revised, embracing local speech, following lines taken bosnian following independence of bosnia , herzegovina socialist federal republic of yugoslavia.

the division of standard languages orthogonal division based on genetic-dialectological criteria. naming local dialects made difficult fact slovenes austria , italy linked remote south slavic peoples - pomaks , bulgarians of european turkey - historical dialect continuum. in 9th century slavic dialects formed 1 dialect continuum, subsequently broken after arrival of magyars in area of middle danube; subsequent spread of germanic, greek , romance speakers separated south slavic group west , east slavic groups leaving present-day areal distribution.

furthermore, result of migrations caused invasion of ottoman turks, dialect continuum broken in numerous places in so-called central south slavic area, slavic dialects Čakavian , kajkavian suppressed @ expense of Štokavian, , transitional dialects torlakian, belonging west south slavic group, having experienced numerous shared innovations bularo-macedonian dialects belonging east south slavic.

major slavic dialectal groupings are

kajkavian - named after interrogative kaj , local word , dialect spoken in croatia , closely related slovene language (also kaj language).
Čakavian - named after interrogative ča, local word , exclusively croatian dialect
Štokavian - largest , complex dialect chain, named after što - local word - varies increased distance. subdialect, neoštokavian, used base standard serbian, croatian, bosnian, montenegrin , bunjevac, though in bit different form (in yat reflex, cf. below)
torlakian - non-standard dialect chain separating western south slavic , eastern south slavic language groups radical differences, spoken in southern serbia (including kosovo), northern macedonia , north-western bulgaria, , slavic ethnic groups local region, features include mixture of western , eastern linguistic trends. spoken krashovan community in romania, reflecting previous geographical settlement.
macedonian - spoken across of macedonia. standard macedonian based on west-central subdialect. several regional dialects exist.
shop dialect - western bulgarian dialect group bordering torlakian areas northwest, macedonian southwest , east bulgarian east.
east bulgarian - standard language of bulgaria based on central regions. several regional dialects exist.
slavic (greece) - spoken slavic population of greece, notably pomaks of thrace. disputed whether belonging macedonian or bulgarian, non-standard language has dialects sparse varied according geographical distribution; dialects of thrace (trakiya) being closer bulgarian, , dialects of florina (lerin) , edessa (voden) being closer macedonian.

the dialects further subclassified on arbitrary isoglosses, such reflex of common slavic yat phoneme had various reflexes in various slavic dialects. yat reflex noted major distinction between serbian , croatian - while former has 2 distinct variants, based on so-called ekavian /e/ , ijekavian /ie̯/ reflexes, standard croatian based exclusively on ijekavian reflex /ie̯/.