Non-Indo-European_languages Instrumental_case

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1 non-indo-european languages

1.1 hungarian
1.2 finnish
1.3 nahuatl
1.4 turkish
1.5 japanese





non-indo-european languages
hungarian

the instrumental case present in hungarian language, serves several purposes. main purpose same above, i.e. means action occurs. has role in -(t)at- causative form of verbs, is, form of verb shows subject caused else action verb. in sense, instrumental case used mark person caused execute action expressed verb. used quantify or qualify words such better or ago , such sokkal jobban better (literally with-much better ); hét évvel ezelőtt 7 years ago (literally 7 with-years before ).


in hungarian instrumental , comitative case same, see instrumental-comitative case.


see links section below more detailed article.


finnish

finnish has historic, marginal instructive case (-n), in practice adessive case (-lla/-llä) used instead outside lexicalised fixed expressions, though adessive literally means on top , e.g. vasaralla using hammer (instrumental meaning) or on hammer (locative meaning). (vasaroin using hammers plausible , understandable, not common in use.)


nahuatl

nahuatl uses suffix -tica indicate instrumental case. example in sentence ātlān ācaltica in huāllahqueh came on water boat , ācalli means boat , ācaltica means (use of a) boat .


turkish

turkish uses conjunction ile ( ), , suffixed form -(y)la (realised -(y)la or -(y)le, depending on dominant vowel of noun—see vowel harmony) indicate instrumental case. example, in sentence arabayla geldi came (the use of a) car , araba means car , arabayla means (the use of a) car, car .


the original proto-turkic instrumental case suffix -n, less productive today preserved in common words yazın ( during summer ), kışın ( during winter ), öğlen ( @ noon ), , yayan ( foot , on foot ). became less productive in oghuz turkic languages. conjunction ile ( ) in turkish has semantically expanded fill gap (kürek ile or kürekle, meaning shovel > using shovel ), being used instrumental marker, , suffix -(y)la (-le, -la, -yle, -yla) form of ile has been grammaticalized agglutinative suffix result of quick speech, becoming enclitic.


japanese

in japanese, post-positional particle で de indicates instrumental case.



(i) slay (my) foe katana.







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