History Skarżysko-Kamienna

1 history

1.1 second polish republic
1.2 german occupation of skarżysko-kamienna (1939-1945)
1.3 soviet liberation

history

in 1173, knights congress gathered in milica village (now town s district) led casimir ii just. around 1885 kamienna became important rail junction on newly built ivangorod-dąbrowa railway. main line of railway connecting ivangorod (dęblin) , dąbrowa górnicza ran through town north south, , 2 branch lines ostrowiec Świętokrzyski , koluszki radiated town east , west, respectively. spurred growth of kamienna village sizeable town 1920, when had 20 enterprises employing 1000 workers, railway workshops employing additional 1000 workers.

second polish republic

in 1923, commune of kamienna granted status of town. in 1922 government of poland decided build ammunition factory in kamienna, called państwowa wytwornia uzbrojenia fabryka amunicji (p.w.u. fabryka amunicji, national armament factory - ammunition plant ) began production in 1924 supplying munitions polish army. employed 2760 workers in 1932, on 3000 in 1936, , on 4500 in 1939, becoming principal employer in town , driving growth. company still functions today under name zakłady metalowe mesko s.a.).

in 1928, town s name changed skarżysko-kamienna. in 1937 town had 19,700 inhabitants, among them 2,800 jews (about 14% of total).

german occupation of skarżysko-kamienna (1939-1945)

following september 1939 invasion of poland germany, skarżysko-kamienna under german occupation until liberated soviet army in january, 1945. germans took on ammunition factory support own war effort, , 1940 controlled company hugo schneider aktiengesellschaft (hasag), ran subcontractor wehrmacht. in 1940, germans carried out mass executions of poles (360 people executed in february , 760 in june).

the ghetto town s jewish population established germans in april or may, 1941. between august 1942 , summer of 1943 jews on radom district brought 3 camps surrounding munitions factory , forced work there. according german records, of total 17,210 brought in 58 transports, 6,408 managed survive long enough evacuated other camps when germans closed factory in 1944. ghetto liquidated in october, 1942, inhabitants judged fit work moved factory labour camps (about 500 out of 3000), , rest transported treblinka , murdered there. in major monograph on subject, death comes in yellow felicja karay, estimated that, given incompleteness of german records underestimate number of inmates, 25,000 jewish inmates brought camp , 7,000 evacuated it, giving 18,000 total number died there.

soviet liberation

on january 18, 1945 town liberated. dozen jewish survivors returned skarżysko-kamienna in winter of 1945-1946 retrieve jewish property. afterwards, in february 1946, 5 of them murdered profit small group of local criminals. murderers, among them head of soviet-installed town police , communist policeman, put trial in Łodź. 3 of them received death penalty. remaining jews left poland, except dr. zundel kahanel , wife bima spent rest of lives in city.

meanwhile, in 1948 leading hasag managers tried in leipzig, in part of germany occupied soviet union. of 25 tried, 4 sentenced death, 2 life in prison, , 18 terms between 1 , 5 years.

in 1969, white eagle museum established. , in 1999, skarżysko county established result of local government reorganization act (1998).