Terminology Celtic_brooch

the tara brooch, ornate of all, decorated on (see below). irish, 8th century.

annular means formed ring , penannular formed incomplete ring; both terms have range of uses. pseudo-penannular coinage restricted brooches, , refers brooches there no opening in ring, design retains features of penannular brooch—for example, emphasizing 2 terminals. pseudo-penannular brooches similar in design other penannular brooches, have small section joining 2 terminals. others have joined terminals, , emphasize in design central area gap be—for example tara brooch. pseudo-penannular brooches may described annular , or ring brooches . terms open brooch or open ring brooch used penannular brooches. there scheme of classification set out, in relation earlier types, elizabeth fowler in 1960s, has since been extended in various versions cover later types.

brooches of either penannular or annular type, pin large in relation ring, ring cannot play part in fastening of brooch, may called ring brooches , pin brooches , or brooch-pins ; or, ring small , plain, ringed pins . in these, design of pin head typically shows pin intended sit underneath ring (seen front), rather on top of in larger brooches.

celtic term avoided specialists in describing objects, , artistic styles, of middle ages british isles, firmly fixed in popular mind. term insular art used describe distinct style of art originating in british isles , combining germanic, celtic, pictish , mediterranean elements. although simpler , relatively penannular brooches found in anglo-saxon contexts, , sub-types predominantly so, far known anglo-saxons did not use these brooch styles prestige elite jewellery. however, there elements in style of irish , scottish brooches deriving anglo-saxon art, , related insular work in other media, illuminated manuscripts.

fibula latin brooch , used in modern languages describe many types of roman , post-roman medieval brooches pins , catches behind main face of brooch. brooches discussed here called fibulae, english-speaking specialists.