REDD.2B Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation

1 redd+

1.1 bali action plan
1.2 definition of main elements
1.3 warsaw framework on redd-plus

redd+
bali action plan

redd received substantial attention unfccc – , attending community – @ cop 13, december 2007, first substantial decision on redd+ adopted, decision 2/cp.13: reducing emissions deforestation in developing countries: approaches stimulate action , calling demonstration activities reported upon 2 years later , assessment of drivers of deforestation. perhaps more interestingly, redd+ referenced in decision 1/cp.13, bali action plan , reference 5 eligible activities redd+ (with sustainable management of forests, conservation of forest carbon stocks , enhancement of forest carbon stocks constituting + in redd+).

the call demonstration activities in decision 2/cp.13 led large number of programmes , projects, including forest carbon partnership facility (fcpf) of world bank, un-redd programme, , flurry of smaller projects financed norwegian international climate , forest initiative (nicfi), united states, united kingdom, , germany, among many others. of these based on substantive guidance unfccc.

definition of main elements

in 2009 @ cop 15, decision 4/cp.15: methodological guidance activities relating reducing emissions deforestation , forest degradation , role of conservation, sustainable management of forests , enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries provided more substantive information on requirements redd+. specifically, national forest monitoring system introduced, elements of measurement, reporting , verification (mrv). furthermore, countries encouraged develop national strategies, develop domestic capacity, establish reference levels, , establish participatory approach full , effective engagement of indigenous peoples , local communities in (…) monitoring , reporting .

a year later @ cop 16 decision 1/cp.16 adopted. in section c: policy approaches , positive incentives on issues relating reducing emissions deforestation , forest degradation in developing countries; , role of conservation, sustainable management of forests , enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries environmental , social safeguards introduced, reiteration of requirements national forest monitoring system. these safeguards introduced ensure implementation of redd+ @ national level not lead detrimental effects environment or local population. countries required provide summaries of information on how these safeguards implemented throughout 3 phases of redd+.

in 2011 decision 12/cp.17 adopted @ cop 17: guidance on systems providing information on how safeguards addressed , respected , modalities relating forest reference emission levels , forest reference levels referred in decision 1/cp.16 . details provided on preparation , submission of reference levels , guidance on providing information on safeguards.

warsaw framework on redd-plus

in december 2013, cop 19 produced no fewer 7 decisions on redd+, jointly known warsaw framework on redd-plus . these decisions address work programme on results-based finance; coordination of support implementation; modalities national forest monitoring systems; presenting information on safeguards; technical assessment of reference (emission) levels; modalities measuring, reporting , verifying (mrv); , information on addressing drivers of deforestation , forest degradation. requirements eligible access results-based finance have been specified: through submission of reports contents have been specified; technical assessment through international consultation , analysis (ica) procedures have been specified;. these decisions overall framework redd+ implementation appears complete, although many details still need provided.

cop 20 in december 2014 did not produce new decisions on redd+. reference made redd+ in decision 8/cp.20 report of green climate fund conference of parties , guidance green climate fund , in paragraph 18 cop requests board of green climate fund (...) (b) consider decisions relevant redd-plus , referring earlier cop decisions on redd+.

finally, remaining outstanding decisions on redd+ completed @ cop21 in 2015. conclusion of decisions on reporting on safeguards, non-market approaches, , non-carbon benefits, unfccc rulebook on redd+ completed. countries encouraged implement , support redd+in article 5 of paris agreement. part of broader article specified countries should take action protect , enhance greenhouse gas sinks , reservoirs (stores of sequestered carbon).