Medieval_Macedonia Macedonia_(region)

there no byzantine records of sklaviniai after 836/837 absorbed expanding first bulgarian empire. slavic influence in region strengthened along rise of state, incorporated parts of region domain in 837. in 860s saints cyril , methodius, 2 byzantine greek brothers thessaloniki, created first slavic glagolitic alphabet in old church slavonic language first transcribed, , commonly referred apostles of slavic world. cultural heritage acquired , developed in medieval bulgaria, after 885 region of ohrid (present-day republic of macedonia) became significant ecclesiastical center nomination of saint clement of ohrid first archbishop in bulgarian language residence in region. in conjunction disciple of saints cyril , methodius, saint naum, clement created flourishing slavic cultural center around ohrid, pupils taught theology in old church slavonic language , glagolitic , cyrillic script @ called ohrid literary school. bulgarian-byzantine boundary in beginning of 10th century passed approximately 20 km (12 mi) north of thessaloniki according inscription of narash. according byzantine author john kaminiates, @ time neighbouring settlements around thessaloniki inhabited scythians (bulgarians) , slavic tribes of drugubites , sagudates, in addition greeks.

at end of 10th century, republic of macedonia became political , cultural heartland of first bulgarian empire, after byzantine emperors john tzimiskes conquered eastern part of bulgarian state during rus –byzantine war of 970–971. bulgarian capital preslav , bulgarian tsar boris ii captured, , deposition of bulgarian regalia in hagia sophia, bulgaria officially annexed byzantium. new capital established @ ohrid, became seat of bulgarian patriarchate. new dynasty, of comitopuli under tsar samuil , successors, continued resistance against byzantines several more decades, before succumbing in 1018. western part of bulgaria including macedonia incorporated byzantine empire province of bulgaria (theme of bulgaria) , bulgarian patriarchate reduced in rank archbishopric.

intermittent slavic uprisings continued occur, support of serbian princedoms north. temporary independence might have been gained crushed swiftly byzantines. marked periods of war between normans , byzantium. normans launched offensives lands acquired in southern italy, , temporarily gained rule on small areas in northwestern coast.

from 12th century, parts of macedonia conquered serbian kingdom of raška. in 13th century, following fourth crusade, macedonia disputed among byzantine greeks, latin crusaders of short-lived kingdom of thessalonica, , revived bulgarian state. of southern macedonia secured despotate of epirus , empire of nicaea, while north ruled bulgaria. after 1261 however, of macedonia returned byzantine rule, largely remained until byzantine civil war of 1341–1347. taking advantage of conflict, serb ruler stefan dushan expanded realm , founded serbian empire, included of macedonia, northern , central greece – excluding thessaloniki, athens , peloponnese. dushan s empire broke shortly after death in 1355. after death rulers of macedonia vukašin mrnjavčević , son marko mrnjavčević.

at time, ottoman threat looming in balkans, ottomans defeated various christian principalities, whether serb, bulgarian or greek. after ottoman victory in battle of maritsa in 1371, of macedonia accepted vassalage ottomans , end of 14th century ottoman empire annexed it. macedonia remained part of ottoman empire 500 years, during time gained substantial turkish minority. thessaloniki later become home of large sephardi jewish population following expulsions of jews after 1492 spain.