Transportation List_of_Dutch_inventions_and_discoveries

1 transportation

1.1 ice skate improvements (14th–15th centuries)
1.2 herring buss (15th century)
1.3 yacht (1580s)
1.4 fluyt (16th century)
1.5 wind-powered sawmill (1592)
1.6 schooner (prototype) (17th century)
1.7 land yacht (1600)
1.8 first verified practical (navigable) submarine (1620)
1.9 first ever car equipped six-cylinder engine, along four-wheel drive (1903)

transportation
ice skate improvements (14th–15th centuries)

during 13th , 14th century, wooden skates metal blades introduced dutch. these ice skates made of steel, sharpened edges on bottom aid movement. construction of modern ice skates has stayed largely same since then.

in 14th century, dutch started using wooden platform skates flat iron bottom runners. skates attached skater s shoes leather straps , poles used propel skater. around 1500, dutch shifted narrow metal double edged blade, skater push , glide feet, eliminating need pole.

herring buss (15th century)

a herring buss (dutch: haring buis) type of seagoing fishing vessel, used dutch , flemish herring fishermen in 15th through 19th centuries. buis first adapted use fishing vessel in netherlands, after invention of gibbing made possible preserve herring @ sea. made longer voyages feasible, , hence enabled dutch fishermen follow herring shoals far coasts. first herring buss built in hoorn around 1415. last 1 built in vlaardingen in 1841.

yacht (1580s)

an 18th-century dutch yacht owned rotterdam chapter of dutch east india company. yacht has gaff rig , leeboards of period.

originally defined light, fast sailing vessel used dutch navy pursue pirates , other transgressors around , shallow waters of low countries. later, yachts came perceived luxury, or recreational vessels.

fluyt (16th century)

dutch fluyt, 1677

fluyt, type of sailing vessel designed dedicated cargo vessel. originating netherlands in 16th century, vessel designed facilitate transoceanic delivery maximum of space , crew efficiency. inexpensive ship built in large numbers. ship class credited enhancing dutch competitiveness in international trade , employed dutch east india company in 17th , 18th centuries. fluyt significant factor in 17th century rise of dutch seaborne empire.

wind-powered sawmill (1592)

de salamander, wind-driven sawmill in leidschendam

cornelis corneliszoon inventor of wind-powered sawmill. prior invention of sawmills, boards rived , planed, or more sawn 2 men whipsaw using saddleblocks hold log , pit pitman worked below , got benefit of sawdust in eyes. sawing slow , required strong , durable sawmen. topsawer had stronger of 2 because saw pulled in turn each man, , lower had advantage of gravity. topsawyer had guide saw produce plank of thickness. done following chalkline.

early sawmills adapted whipsaw mechanical power, driven water wheel speed process. circular motion of wheel changed back-and-forth motion of saw blade pitman introducing term used in many mechanical applications. pitman similar crankshaft used in reverse. crankshaft converts back-and-forth motion circular motion.

generally saw powered , logs had loaded , moved hand. improvement development of movable carriage, water powered, steadily advance log through saw blade.

schooner (prototype) (17th century)

a schooner type of sailing vessel fore-and-aft sails on 2 or more masts, foremast being no taller rear mast(s). such vessels first used dutch in 16th or 17th century (but may not have been called @ time). schooners first evolved variety of small two-masted gaff-rigged vessels used in coast , estuaries of netherlands in late 17th century. working craft pleasure yachts schooner rigs built wealthy merchants , dutch nobility. following arrival of dutch-born prince william iii orange on british throne, british royal navy built royal yacht schooner rig in 1695, hms royal transport. vessel, captured in detailed admiralty model, earliest documented schooner. royal transport noted speed , ease of handling , mercantile vessels adopted rig in europe , in european colonies in north america. schooners popular colonial traders , fishermen in north america first documented reference schooner in america appearing in boston port records in 1716. north american shipbuilders developed variety of schooner forms trading, fishing , privateering. according language scholar walter william skeat, term schooner comes scoon, while sch spelling comes later adoption of dutch spelling ( schoener ). study suggests dutch expression praising ornate schooner yachts in 17th century, een schoone schip , may have led term schooner being used english speakers describe versions of schooner rig evolved in england , america.

land yacht (1600)

land yachts designed simon stevin in year 1600

the wind chariot or land yacht (zeilwagen) designed flemish-born mathematician & engineer simon stevin prince maurice of orange. land yacht. offered carriage sails, of little model preserved in scheveningen until 2012. around year 1600, stevin, maurice , twenty-six others used on beach between scheveningen , petten. carriage propelled solely force of wind, , traveled faster horse-drawn vehicles.

first verified practical (navigable) submarine (1620)

a replica of reduced scale of drebbel s submarine, first verified navigable submarine, built team of bbc tv-series building impossible (2002).

a replica of reduced scale of drebbel s submarine built team of tv-series building impossible (2002). cornelius drebbel inventor of first navigable submarine, while working british royal navy. designed , manufactured steerable submarine leather-covered wooden frame. between 1620 , 1624 drebbel built , tested 2 more, successively larger vessels. third model had 6 oars , carry 16 passengers. model demonstrated king james , several thousand londoners. submarine stayed submerged 3 hours , travel westminster greenwich , back, cruising @ depth of 12 15 feet (3.7 4.6 m). submarine tested many times in thames, never used in battle.

in 2002, british boatbuilder mark edwards built wooden submarine based on original 17th-century version drebbel. shown in bbc tv programme building impossible in november 2002. scale working model of original , built using tools , construction methods common in 17th century boat building , tested under water 2 rowers @ dorney lake, diving beneath surface , being rowed underwater 10 minutes. legal considerations prevented use on river thames itself.

first ever car equipped six-cylinder engine, along four-wheel drive (1903)

the 1903 spyker 60 hp racing car world s first car six-cylinder engine permanent four-wheel drive , four-wheel brakes.

spyker credited building , racing first ever four-wheel racing car in 1903. first four-wheel-drive car, hill-climb racer, internal combustion engine, spyker 60 h.p., presented in 1903 dutch brothers jacobus , hendrik-jan spijker of amsterdam. two-seat sports car, first ever car equipped six-cylinder engine, exhibit in louwman collection (the former nationaal automobiel museum) @ hague in netherlands.