Literary_career Liang_Qichao

1 literary career

1.1 historiographical thought
1.2 translator
1.3 poet , novelist
1.4 educator
1.5 publications

literary career

liang qichao both traditional confucian scholar , reformist. liang qichao contributed reform in late qing writing various articles interpreting non-chinese ideas of history , government, intent of stimulating chinese citizens minds build new china. in writings, argued china should protect ancient teachings of confucianism, learn successes of western political life , not western technology. therefore, regarded pioneer of political friction.

liang shaped ideas of democracy in china, using writings medium combine western scientific methods traditional chinese historical studies. liang s works influenced japanese political scholar katō hiroyuki, used methods of social darwinism promote statist ideology in japanese society. liang drew of work , subsequently influenced korean nationalists in 1900s.

historiographical thought

liang qichao’s historiographical thought represents beginning of modern chinese historiography , reveals important directions of chinese historiography in twentieth century.

for liang, major flaw of old historians (舊史家) failure foster national awareness necessary strong , modern nation. liang s call new history not pointed new orientation historical writing in china, indicated rise of modern historical consciousness among chinese intellectuals. advocated great man theory in 1899 piece, heroes , times (英雄与时势, yīngxióng yǔ shíshì), , wrote biographies of european state-builders such otto von bismarck, horatio nelson, oliver cromwell, lajos kossuth, giuseppe mazzini, , camillo benso, count of cavour; chinese men including zheng he, tan sitong, , wang anshi.

during period of japan s challenge in first sino-japanese war (1894–95), liang involved in protests in beijing pushing increased participation in governance chinese people. first protest of kind in modern chinese history. changing outlook on tradition shown in historiographical revolution (史學革命) launched liang qichao in twentieth century. frustrated failure @ political reform, liang embarked upon cultural reform. in 1902, while in exile in japan, liang wrote new historiography (新史學), called on chinese study world history understand china rather chinese history. article attacked old historiographical methods, lamented focused on dynasty on state; individual on group; past not present; , facts, rather ideals.

translator

liang s calligraphy

liang head of translation bureau , oversaw training of students learning translate western works chinese. believed task essential of essential undertakings accomplish because believed westerners successful - politically, technologically , economically.

philosophical works: after escaping beijing , government crackdown on anti-qing protesters, liang studied works of western philosophers of enlightenment period, namely hobbes, rousseau, locke, hume , bentham, translating them , introducing own interpretation of works. essays published in number of journals, drawing interest among chinese intellectuals had been taken aback dismemberment of china s formidable empire @ hands of foreign powers.

western social , political theories: in 20th century, liang qichao played significant role in introducing western social , political theories in korea such social darwinism , international law. liang wrote in well-known manifesto, new people (新民說):

“freedom means freedom group, not freedom individual. (…) men must not slaves other men, must slaves group. for, if not slaves own group, assuredly become slaves other.”

poet , novelist

liang qichao

liang advocated reform in both genres of poem , novel. collected works ice-drinker s studio (飲冰室合集) representative works in literature compiled 148 volumes.

liang gained idea of calling work collected works of yinbingshi passage of zhuangzi (《莊子•人間世》). states every morning, receive mandate [for action], every evening drink ice [of disillusion], remain ardent in inner mind (吾朝受命而夕飲冰，我其內熱與). result, liang called workplace ice-drinker studio (yinbingshi), , addressed himself yinbingshi zhuren (飲冰室主人), literally host of ice-drinker studio, in order present idea worrying policial matters, still try best reform society effort of writings.

liang wrote fiction , scholarly essays on fiction, included fleeing japan after failure of hundred days reform (1898) , essay on relationship between fiction , government of people (論小說與群治之關係,1902). these novels emphasized modernization in west , call reform.

educator

in late 1920s, liang retired politics , taught @ tung-nan university in shanghai , tsinghua research institute in peking tutor. founded chiang-hsüeh (chinese lecture association) , brought many intellectual figures china, including driesch , tagore. academically renowned scholar of time, introducing western learning , ideology, , making extensive studies of ancient chinese culture.

during last decade of life, wrote many books documenting chinese cultural history, chinese literary history , historiography. liang reexamined works of mozi, , authored, amongst other works, political thought of pre-qing period, , intellectual trends in qing period. had strong interest in buddhism , wrote numerous historical , political articles on influence in china. liang influenced many of students in producing own literary works. included xu zhimo, renowned modern poet, , wang li, accomplished poet , founder of chinese linguistics modern discipline.

also contributions libraries： ·introduce word library ·propaganda of western library thought , expounds advanced library thought ·founder of library, library curator, practice experience. in 1923, liang qichao founded beijing pine library. ·the establishment of library science in china.

publications

collected works of yinbingshi vol 1-12



introduction learning of qing dynasty (清代學術概論,1920)
the learning of mohism (墨子學案,1921)
chinese academic history of recent 300 years (中國近三百年學術史,1924)
history of chinese culture (中國文化史,1927)
the construction of new china
the philosophy of laozi (老子哲學)
the history of buddhism in china (中國佛教史)
collected works of yinbingshi, zhonghua book co, shanghai 1936, republished in beijing, 2003, isbn 7-101-00475-x /k.210




^ matten, marc andre (march 2011). worship of general yue fei , problematic creation national hero in twentieth century china . frontiers of history in china. 6 (1): 74–94. 
^ horner, charles (2009). rising china , postmodern fate: memories of empire in new global context. university of georgia press. p. 102. 
^ chen, qineng (2005). new history in china: contrast west . storia della storiografia [history of historiography]. 48: 112–118. 
^ hsu, immanuel (2000). rise of modern china: sixth edition. new york: oxford university press. pp. 509–510. isbn 978-0-19-512504-7. 
^ jiang, y. (2012). tu shu guan xue ji chu jian ming jiao cheng. 1st ed. bei jing shi: zhi shi chan quan chu ban she.