History Sanok

a 12-century earring found in sanok

in 981 gord, inhabited slavic tribe of lendians, made part of land of czerwień. area mentioned first time in 981, when vladimir of kiev took area on over way poland. in 1018 returned poland, 1031 rus , in 1340 casimir iii of poland recovered it. gord of sanok in mentioned first time in hypatian codex in 1150. given magdeburg law boleslaw-yuri ii of galicia in 1339. in ruthenian chronicle can found hypatian codex, @ date of 1150 1 can read: hungarian king géza ii of hungary crossed mountains , seized stronghold of sanok governor many villages in przemyśl area. same chronicle refers sanok twice more, stating in 1205 meeting place of ruthenian princess anna , hungarian king , in 1231 ruthenian prince made expedition sanok - hungarian gate .

after 1339 galicia–volhynia seized king casimir iii of poland, reconfirmed municipal status of sanok on 25 april 1366. @ time sanok became centre of new administrative district called sanok land, part of ruthenian voivodeship. several courts of justice operated in town, including municipal , rural courts of lower instance , higher instance court entire sanok land, based on german town law. germans settled in territory of kingdom of poland (territory of present-day subcarpathian voivodeship) 14th 16th centuries (see ostsiedlung), after region returned polish sphere of influence in 1340, when casimir iii of poland took czerwień towns.

neogothic town hall

marcin bielski states bolesław brave had settled germans in region defend borders against hungary , kievan rus , later turned farming. maciej stryjkowski mentions german peasants near przeworsk, przemyśl, sanok, , jarosław, describing them farmers. region traditionally inhabited subgroups of rusyn people: lemkos , boykos.

as @ 17th century, important trade route went across sanok connecting interior of hungary poland through Łupków pass. result of first of partitions of poland (treaty of st-petersburg dated 5 july 1772, sanok attributed habsburg monarchy. @ time area (including west , east of subcarpathian voivodship) known galicia province. more details, see article kingdom of galicia , lodomeria.

the galician peasant revolt took place in region during revolutions of 1848.

the course of river dunajec , of san, both in west galicia, marked 2 successive stages in breakthrough battle initiated austro-german offensive of 1915 on eastern front. attempt hold line of wisłok river , Łupków pass failed before renewed austro-german attacks on 8 may 1915. wisłok valley 1 of strategically important carpathian rivers bitterly contested in battles on eastern front of world war during winter of 1914-1915.

main market square in sanok

during world war i, russian army occupied town may until july, 1915 , damaged town. town subsequently occupied troops of austro-hungarian empire.

sanok castle

during second polish republic (1919–1939), sanok known centre of ukrainian movement in galicia, , of cultural heritage of lemkos , other rusyns. jewish population of sanok may have been 30% many years in 20th century advent of nazis, anti-semitism in galicia, of jews either executed or killed in nazi death camps or nazi concentration camps during holocaust. buildings had been owned jews taken local population , local jewish cemetery still exists. of jews emigrated canada , united states in 1900s sanoker burial societies spreading throughout new york , other regions settled. in 1943 foundation of waffen-ss division galizien took place in heavily ukrainian-populated sanok, many locals volunteering in ethnic ukrainian waffen-ss. because of material support , assistance provided local population ukrainian insurgent army, waging battle ukrainian separatism against polish state, polish authorities deported ukrainian , lemko population of sanok , region former eastern territories of germany attached poland after world war ii (the so-called recovered territories) during operation vistula (1946–1947). lemkos expelled returned sanok in 1957-58 , others after 1989.

sanok contains open-air museum called skansen in biała góra district, examples of architecture of region s main ethnic groups have been moved , reassembled in skansen evoking everyday rural life in 19th century. nearby stands holy ghost ukrainian greek catholic church (1786–1947) presently, tserkva of orthodox cathedral of holy trinity.